Cultural Heritage keywords
| ENGLISH | ITALIAN | SPANISH | GERMAN | CZECH | FRENCH | DEFINITION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy | Accademia | Academia | Akademie | Akademie | Académie | a society or institution intended to protect and develop an art, science, language aims promoting and maintaining standards in its particular field. |
| Accessibility | Accessibilità | Accesibilidad | Zugänglichkeit | Přístupnost | Accessibilité | The ability of a device, service, resource or environment to be easily usable by any type of user. In the field of cultural heritage, it concerns both the physical dimension (architectural barriers, visual accessibility) and the cognitive dimension |
| Customer services | Accoglienza | Recepción | Empfang | Zákaznické služby | Accueil | Set of elements that make the visit as a whole comfortable and pleasant. |
| Accreditation | Accreditamento | Acreditación | Akkreditierung | Akreditace | Accréditation | Procedure certifying that a given institution complies with the criteria for proper functioning laid down by the competent authority. More specifically, it is an examination that certifies the quality of the museum and its activities, in order to legitimize special attention from public institutions and / or strengthen trust in the institution by visitors and stakeholders. |
| Acquisition | Acquisizione | Adquisición | Erwerb | Akvizice | Acquisition | An increase in the collection that can take place with an outlay of money or through a donation. |
| Alienation | Alienazione | Alienación | Entfremdung | Odcizení | Aliénation | Transfer or destruction of objects belonging to a collection. |
| Display | Allestimento | Preparación | Vorbereitung | Ukázat | Préparation | Set of procedures aimed at making an object visible and usable to the public. |
| Antiquarium | Antiquarium | Anticuario | Antiquarium | Antikvarium | Antiquaire | Collection of antique works generally from the Greco-Roman era, such as epigraphs, stones and other finds |
| Archaelogical sites | Aree archeologiche | Zonas arqueológicas | Archäologische Gebiete | Archeologická místa | Zones archéologiques | Sites that have traces of human settlements, more or less extensive, and that date back to prehistory or the ancient world: for example, remains of a city or a sanctuary or a palace or workshop |
| Archaeologist | Archeologo | Arqueólogo | Archäologe | Archeolog | Archéologue | A professional who studies human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artefacts and other physical remains. |
| Architect | Architetto | Arquitectura | Architekt | Architekt | Architecte | professional who deals with the research, study and promotion of architectural heritage |
| Archive | Archivio | Archivo | Archiv | Archivovat | Archiver | The totality of writings and other documents, which have been formed by natural or legal persons on the basis of their practical or legal activity and which, as documentary sources and evidence of the past, are intended for permanent preservation in a given place |
| Archivist | Archivista | Archivista | Archivar | Archivář | Archiviste | Someone with specific skills of collecting, managing and providing access to archives and records for the long term |
| Archaeological heritage | Beni archeologici | Patrimonio arqueológico | Archäologisches Erbe | Archeologické dědictví | Patrimoine archéologique | Archaeological heritage encompasses all remains, assets and other traces of the evolution of the planet, of life and human beings, the preservation and study of which help to retrace the history of mankind and its relation with the natural environment. The archaeological heritage also includes stratified deposits, structures, constructions, architectural groups, enhanced sites, moveable assets and monuments of other nature, as well as their rural or urban setting, whether they are located on the ground, subsoil or underwater, in territorial waters or in the continental shelf. |
| Architectural Heritage | Beni architettonici | Patrimonio Arquitectónico | Architektonisch | Architektonické dědictví | Actifs architecturaux | the category of architectural heritage belong monumental buildings, such as churches, palaces, villas, palaces, which are distinguished either by their artistic quality, or by the particular construction techniques adopted, or by their function or even by their decorations |
| Archival assets | Beni archivistici | Activos de archivo | Archivalien | Archivní datové zdroje | Actifs d’archives | The archival and book heritage includes the following categories of assets: the archives and individual documents of the State, the regions, the other territorial public bodies and any other public body or institution, the book collections of the libraries of the State, the regions, other public bodies |
| Artistic and historical heritage | Beni artistici e storici | Patrimonio artístico e histórico | Künstlerisches und historisches Erbe | Umělecké a historické dědictví | Patrimoine artistique et historique | All works of art and monuments, movable and immovable, which have a recognized artistic value or a particular historical importance for rarity or representativeness, having a relationship with cultural history of humanity |
| Cultural heritage | Beni culturali | Patrimonio cultural | Kulturerbe | Kulturní dědictví | Héritage culturel | Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including tangible culture such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts, intangible culture such as folklore, traditions, language, customs, values, practices and knowledge, and natural heritage including culturally significant landscapes, and biodiversity. |
| Ethno-anthropological, material and intangible heritage | I beni etnoantropologici, materiali e immateriali | activos etno-antropológicos, tangibles | Ethnoanthropologische, materielle und immaterielle | Kulturní dědictví | « Biens matériels ethno-anthropologiques et immatériel “ | Ethno-anthropological goods do not have particular artistic importance but are of great importance for understand the cultural traditions of a people, of which they constitute a precious testimony. This category therefore includes objects related to daily life or to crafts or to particular activities, for example tools, tools, crockery, furnishings, clothes, toys, handicrafts. |
| Inangible Heritage | Beni immateriali | Activos inmaterialess | Vermögenswerte | Nehmotný majetek | Bien immatériel | Intangible heritage includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts. |
| Real estate | Beni immobili | Bienes inmueble | Immobilien | Nehmotný majetek | Immobilier | Non-transportable assets (such as buildings, monuments, archives, libraries) |
| Book assets | Beni librari | Activos contables | Buchvermögen | Rezervovat majetek | Livres | Book assets are mostly identifiable in books, but also documents relating to the literary production of the great authors (autographs, correspondence, unpublished works, preparatory works), engravings, maps, posters, philatelic material, even photographs |
| Material goods | Beni materiali | Bienes materiales | Materielle Güter | Hmotné statky | Biens matériels | material cultural goods are all those goods that have an individual physical presence, called material, which remains substantially unchanged over time |
| Movable goods | Beni mobili | Beni mobili | Bewegliche Güter | Movitosti | Biens mobiliers | Transportable goods such as paintings, sculptures, objects. |
| Landscape and environmental heritage | Beni paesaggistici e ambientali | Paisaje y patrimonio ambiental | Landschaft und Umwelterbe | Beni paesaggistici e ambientali | Patrimoine paysager et environnemental | Belong to the category of environmental and landscape assets natural areas or transformed by man considered of particular beauty or areas of territory very interesting from a geological point of view, which for these reasons are an integral part of the natural heritage of a country |
| Library | Biblioteca | Biblioteca | Bibliothek | Knihovna | Bibliothèque | Place, physical or virtual, aimed at the collection and conservation of physical resources such as books, magazines, CDs, DVDs |
| Audio guide | Audioguida | Audioguía | Audioguide | Zvukový průvodce | Guide audio | tool that allows the reproduction and listening of a recorded audio story, usually through a portable electronic device, with voice information about a monument, a museum or a site of tourist or cultural interest |
| bookshop | Book Shop | Librería | Buchhandlung | Knihkupectví | Librairie | Shop or website design-minded, multi-disciplinary brand offering objects, events, and experiences related to books and reading |
| Cataloguing | Catalogazione | Catalogación | Katalogisierung | Katalogizace | Catalogage | classification and invetariation of cultural, historical-artistic, architectural, demo-ethno-anthropological heritage, the main tool for the management of collections and their conservation. |
| Collection | Collezione | Colección | Sammlung | Sbírka | Collection | Constitutive and essential element of the museum carried. a group of objects or an amount of material accumulated in one location, especially for some purpose or as a result of some process, conducted with pre-established criteria, based on historical, artistic, scientific value or intrinsic value, or only out of curiosity or pleasure. |
| Colophon | Colophon | Colofón | Kolophon | Otisk | Imprimer | text that shows names and functions of all colors that have collaborated in the realization of the exhibition or text |
| Scientific committee | Comitato scientifico | Comité científico | Wissenschaftlicher Ausschuss | Vědecký výbor | Comité scientifique | Group of experts with the function of supervising and guaranteeing the correctness of the contents and authenticity of the materials on display or publications |
| Communication | Comunicazione | Comunicación | Kommunikation | Komunikace | Communication | Museum communication is a complicated, uncoded process and subject to infinite variations determined by the characteristics of the collection and the environment architectural in which the encounter between the visitor and the museum heritage takes place. |
| Preservation | Conservazione | Preservación | Konservierung | Zachování | espace de rangement | Coherent, coordinated and planned study, prevention, maintenance and restoration activities |
| Curator | Conservatore | Conservador | Kurator | Konzervativní | Conservateur | The curator is responsible for the storage, security, management and enhancement of the collections entrusted to him |
| Contextualization | Contestualizzazione | Contextualización – | Kontextualisierung | Contextualizace | Contextualisation – | Process of inferring the context of something, such as a object or monument activity. Contextualization can be considered a essential segment of the process of interpretation and study of a given find or a group of objects in a collection. On it also depends a lot the perception that the visitor has of the exhibit. |
| Material culture | Cultura materiale | Cultura material | Materielle Kultur | Hmotná kultura | Culture matérielle | Visible and concrete aspects of a culture, such as urban artefacts, the tools of everyday life and production activities. |
| dating | Datazione | Datación | Datierung | Datování | Sortir ensemble | Set of researches aimed at identifying the period in which a fact occurred or an artifact was made. |
| Deposit | Deposito – | Almacén – | Lager – | Vklad | Verser – | Set of materials preserved even in the state of fragment or with a state of advanced deterioration. |
| Ecomuseum | EcoMuseo | Ecomuseo | Ecomuseum | Ecomuseum | Écomusée | An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance the welfare and development of local communities. It is not concentrated in a building, but includes territorial areas, of which they want to be an instrument of revaluation and conservation. It’s characterized by an inseparable set of a specific naturalistic and urban heritage combined with the history, traditions and customs of a particular community. |
| Cabinet | Gabinetto | Cabinet | Kabinett | kabinet | Toilette | Exhibition venue that houses collections of specialized works, such as drawings, prints, ancient coins, gems and precious stones |
| Gallery | Galleria | Galería | Galerie | Galerie | Tunnel | Type of museum. Building that mainly collects paintings and sculptures. |
| Gipsoteca | Gipsoteca | Gipsoteca | Gipsothek | Gipsoteca | Collection de plâtre | Type of museum that houses plaster works, mostly casts of ancient works |
| Glyceptotheque | Gliptoteca | Gliceptoteca | Glykothek | Glyceptotheque | Glyptothèque | Type of museum that preserves collections of semi-precious stones or other carved materials |
| Inventory | Inventario | Inventario | Inventar | Inventář | Inventaire | Object identification and documentation tool, necessary for further internal and external uses of object data. |
| Maintenance | Manutenzione | Mantenimiento | Instandhaltung | Údržba | entretien | All the activities and interventions aimed at controlling the conditions of the cultural asset and maintaining the integrity, functional efficiency and identity of the asset and its parts |
| Memory | Memoria | Memoria | Gedächtnis / Erinnerung | Paměť | Mémoire | The museum can be understood as a deposit and communication tool of the collective memory |
| Monument | Monumento | Monumento | Denkmal | Pomník | Monument | architectural, plastic or monumental pictorial works, archaeological structures or objects, inscriptions, caves and groups of elements of exceptional universal value with a historical, artistic or scientific aspect |
| Exhibition | Mostra | Exposición | Ausstellung | Výstava | Spectacle | result of the collection in a specific exhibition event of objects on the basis of a research project or a historical theme, scientific, social, artistic etc. treated in a popular form that is believed to attract the public attention |
| Museum | Museo | Museo | Museum | Muzeum | Musée | Structure designed to permanently “contain” an exhibition of works of various kinds: “A museum is a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society and its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment” (ICOM) |
| Cultural Heritage Operator | Opertore dei beni culturali | Operador de Patrimonio Cultural | Betreiber des kulturellen Erbes | Operatore dei beni culturali | Opérateur du patrimoine culturel | professional who commonly deals with the management of artistic heritage: he is in fact specialized in their cataloguing, conservation as in their restoration |
| Cultural Heritage | Patrimonio culturale | Patrimonio cultural | Betreiber des kulturellen Erbes | Kulturní dědictví | Héritage culturel | Set of cultural goods, that is, immovable and movable things that present artistic, historical, archaeological, ethno-anthropological, archival and bibliographic and landscape interest |
| Pinacotheca | Pinacoteca | Pinacoteca | Pinakothek | Pinacotheca | Galerie de photos | Type of Museum. Building that collects and exhibits only paintings. |
| Prevention | Prevenzione | Prevención | Prävention | Prevence | La prévention | all the activities capable of limiting the risk situations related to the cultural asset in its context |
| Ecclesial property | Proprietà ecclesiatica | Propiedad eclesial | Kirchliches Eigentum | Církevní majetek | Propriété ecclésiastique | direct authority over the goods or museums within the competence of the Church |
| Proprietà privata | Proprietà privata | Propriedad privata | Privateigentum | Proprietà privata | Propriété privée | legal capacity of a person over a thing and/or place |
| Public property | Proprietà pubblica | Propiedad pública | Öffentliches Eigentum | Veřejný majetek | Propriété publique | direct authority over assets or museums within the competence of the State or of decentralised local authorities and administrations (regions, provinces, municipalities) |
| Restoration | Restauro | Restauración | Restaurierung | Obnovení | Restauration | Activities aimed at preserving the integrity of the artistic work and reintegrating its possible alteration or mutilation |
| Restorer | Restauratore | Restaurador | Restaurator | Restaurátor | Restaurateur | professional who deals materially with the restoration and conservation of cultural heritage and who must have a deep culture in the historical-literary field and have specific knowledge of methodology and technique of conservation and restoration, master regional, national and international legislation in the field of protection and defense of cultural heritage |
| Sites | Siti | Sitios | Standort, Ausgrabungsstätte | Internetové stránky | Des sites | Place with artefacts or where are conjugated artefacts and nature, as well as areas, including archaeological sites, of exceptional universal value with a historical and aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological aspect |
| Superintendents | Soprintendenze | Superintendentes | Inspektoren, Aufseher | Soprintendenze | Surintendances | Body of research, direction and technical coordination in the fields of inventory, cataloguing, conservation, restoration and enhancement of cultural heritage. |
| Art historian | Storico dell’arte | Historiador del arte | Kunsthistoriker | Historik umění | Historien d’art | professional who deals with the research, study and promotion of the historical-artistic heritage with skills of great responsibility aimed at judging the historical, documentary, aesthetic relevance of the assets of historical-artistic interest, to recognize their authenticity and to identify their origin or to reconstruct their history. |
| Storytelling | Storytelling | Narración | Storytelling | Vyprávění | Raconter des histoires | A form of communication with ancient origins based on the art of storytelling, used today especially in the digital field to enhance its products in an effective and engaging way, in order to expand the audience of potential customers. Technique used in the field of cultural heritage for dissemination and enhancement in order to expand the number of users. |
| Thesaurus | Thesaurus | Tesauro | Thesaurus | Tezaurus | Thésaurus | Collection of words that allows each user to describe an object and index it with identical terms of reference. The creation of thesaurus or thesauri is one of the most important moments in the creation of a database linked to the collection of a museum |
| Protection | Tutela | Tutela | Vormundschaft | Opatrovnictví | protection | exercise of the functions and in the discipline of the activities directed, on the basis of an adequate cognitive activity, to identify the assets constituting the cultural heritage and to guarantee their protection and conservation for purposes of public use |
| UNESCO | UNESCO | UNESCO | UNESCO | UNESCO | UNESCO | Nations Educationals, Scientific and Cultural Organization. International institution with the task of contributing to peace and security by promoting collaboration between nations through education, science and culture |
| Enhancement | Valorizzazione | Mejora | Ausdehnung, Erweitertung, Verbesserung | Vylepšení | valorisation | “activities aimed at promoting knowledge of cultural heritage and ensuring the best conditions of use and public enjoyment of the heritage itself, including by people with disabilities, in order to promote the development of culture. It also includes the promotion and support of cultural heritage conservation interventions. |
| Showcase | Vetrina | Escaparate | Vitrine | Vitrína | Fenêtre d’affichage | container for the exhibition of objects: the main tool of the musealization process, but it is also one of the major obstacles to the relationship between the collection and the user of the museum |
| Visit | Visita | Visita | Besuch | Navštívit | Visite | The visit is the fundamental experience (and service) that the museum offers to its public. It is a complex experience because it involves physically and intellectually in a challenging way all types of visitors |